Data retrieval in a two-way network

ABSTRACT

A system receives a first request for data associated with a data stream received over a first network from a remote source and then determines when the requested data will be available based on analyzing the data stream. The system communicates a second request for the requested data over a second network to the remote source when the requested data will not be available from the data stream within a threshold time and receives the requested data from the remote source over at least one from the list including the first network and the second network.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of and claims the benefit of priorityunder 35 U.S.C. §120 to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/599,688,filed on Nov. 15, 2006 and issued on Dec. 4, 2012 as U.S. Pat. No.8,326,997, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in itsentirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

An embodiment of the present invention relates generally to the field ofelectronic communications, and, more specifically, to data retrieval ina two-way interactive television network.

BACKGROUND

Interactive television systems operate to enhance the experience of acontent consumer in a number of ways. Content producers and/ordistributors are able to provide enhanced services and features to aconsumer. For example, interactive television systems may be capable ofexecuting interactive television (iTV) applications that supplement andenhance the viewing experience of a user. A wide range of interactivetelevision applications may be provided to a user via an interactivetelevision system, ranging from electronic program guides (EPGs) togames and the like.

An interactive television application and its associated data aretypically delivered from a headend of a broadcast service provider to aset-top box (STB) of a consumer as part of a broadcast transmission. Atthe user end, a user device (e.g., the set-top box (STB)) receives thebroadcast, extracts the interactive portion thereof, and composes andexecutes one or more interactive television applications that areembodied in the interactive portion of the broadcast. Data for anapplication is typically received in a cyclical fashion. In some cases,a user of the device may have long lag times between requesting the dataand receiving the data. The lag time depends on where the requested datais in relation to the current data in the cycle. Consequently,unpredictable lag times may lead to an unsatisfactory user experience.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one embodiment, a receiver system (e.g., a set-top box) receives afirst request for data associated with a data stream received over afirst network from a remote source system (e.g., a headend). Thereceiver system may then determine a wait time of when the requesteddata will be available based on analyzing the data stream. In oneembodiment, if the wait time is expected to be longer than a thresholdtime the receiver system communicates a second request for the data tothe remote source over a second network.

In one embodiment, a remote source system collects metric dataassociated with requests from a receiver system for first data made overa second network. The request may be made when the first data cannot becommunicated in a data stream from the remote source over a firstnetwork within a first threshold value. The source system compares howmany requests for the first data are received to a second thresholdvalue and accordingly adjusts the data stream to provide the first datawithin the first threshold value.

Other features will be apparent from the accompanying drawings and fromthe detailed description that follows.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by wayof example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanyingdrawings, in which like references indicate the same or similar elementsand in which:

FIG. 1A is a diagrammatic representation of an exemplary interactivetelevision environment within which the present invention may bedeployed;

FIG. 1B is a diagrammatic representation of the interactive televisionenvironment illustrating exemplary details of the source system and thereceiver system;

FIG. 2A is a block diagram providing architectural details regarding aheadend system and a set-top box, according to an exemplary embodimentof the present invention;

FIG. 2B is a diagrammatic representation of a data stream that may beoutputted from a multiplexer of a headend system, according to oneembodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 3A-3C are flowcharts illustrating example embodiments fordetermining whether to generate a request for a specific module; and

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a machine, in the exemplary formof a computer system, which may store and execute a set of instructionsthat cause the machine to perform any of the methods described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A method and a system for pushing content in a two-way interactivetelevision network environment are described. In the followingdescription, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details areset forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the presentinvention. It will be evident, however, to one skilled in the art thatthe present invention may be practiced without these specific details.

FIG. 1A is a diagrammatic representation of an exemplary interactivetelevision environment 10, in conjunction with which the presentinvention may be deployed. The interactive television environment 10includes a source system 12 that communicates data (e.g., televisioncontent and interactive application data) via a distribution system 14to a number of receiver systems 15, 16, and 17. It will be appreciatedthat the distribution system 14 may be any communication system capableof communicating data and may, for example, include a national or localTelco network or the like. FIG. 1B is a diagrammatic representation ofthe interactive television environment 10 illustrating exemplary detailsof the source system 12 and the receiver system 16.

Turning first to the source system 12, a headend system 18 operates tocommunicate the data as a broadcast transmission. To this end, theheadend system 18 is shown to include one or more broadcast servers 20and one or more application servers 22. Each of the broadcast servers 20may operate to receive, encode, packetize, multiplex, and broadcast datafrom various sources and of various types. In various embodiments, datacould also be transmitted from the source system 12 via a networkconnection to the receiver system 16. Further details regarding anexemplary broadcast server 20 are provided below with reference to FIG.2A.

Each application server 22, in one exemplary embodiment, serves tocompile and provide modules to the broadcast server 20. The modules mayinclude application code, data (e.g., updated statistics and scores forsporting events, news feeds, etc.), or any other data (e.g., motionpicture experts group (MPEG) still pictures, etc.) utilized by aninteractive television application. The modules of the present inventionmay be portable across all transmission media and, accordingly, maycontain no specialization for any particular communication channel. Amodule may be signed, unsigned, compressed or uncompressed. Anapplication server 22 may include multiplexing functionality to enablemultiplexing of, for example, interactive television applications andassociated data with audio and video signals received from varioussources. An application server 22 may also have the capability to feed(e.g., stream) a multitude of code, data, and index modules (e.g.,interactive television application modules) to one or more broadcastservers 20 for distribution to the receiver system 16. To this end, eachapplication server 22 may include a carousel 23 (See FIG. 2A), wherebycode and data modules are provided to a broadcast server 20 in a cyclic,repetitive manner for inclusion within a transmission from the headendsystem 18.

The headend system 18 is also shown to include one or more backendservers 24, which are coupled to the application servers 22 and to acommunications I/O interface such as an exemplary modem pool 26.Specifically, the modem pool 26 is coupled to receive data from thereceiver systems 16 via a network 28 (e.g., a return channel such as theInternet) and to provide this data to backend servers 24. The backendservers 24 may then provide the data, received from the receiver system16, to the application servers 22 and the broadcast servers 20.Accordingly, the network 28 and the modem pool 26 may operate as areturn channel whereby a receiver system 16 is provided withinteractivity with the source system 12. Data provided to the headendsystem 18 via the network 28 may include, for example, user input to aninteractive television application executed at the receiver system 16 ordata that is generated by the receiver system 16 and communicated to thesource system 12.

Additionally, data may be provided from the headend system 18 to thereceiver system 16. For example, as discussed below, if either thereceiver system 16 or the headend system 18 determines the receiversystem 16 will have to wait too long to receive one or more specificdata modules, the receiver system 16 may provide the data module(s) viathe network 28. In another embodiment, a second receiver system 16 mayrequest one or more data modules which the headend system 18 in responsemulticasts the module(s) making the data available to the requestingreceiver in addition to any other receivers (e.g., the first receiversystem 16) needing the same module(s).

Within the source system 12, the headend system 18 is also shownoptionally to receive data (e.g., content, code and application data)from external sources. FIG. 1B illustrates the headend system 18 asbeing coupled to one or more content sources 32 and one or moreapplication sources 34 via a network 36 (e.g., the Internet). Forexample, a content source 32 could be a provider of entertainmentcontent (e.g., movies), or a provider of real-time dynamic data (e.g.,weather information). An application source 34 may be a provider of anyinteractive television application. For example, one or more applicationsources 34 may provide Electronic Program Guides (EPG) and navigationapplications, messaging and communication applications, informationapplications, sports applications, and/or games and gaming applications.

Turning now to the distribution system 14, the distribution system 14may, in one embodiment, support the broadcast distribution of data fromthe source system 12 to the receiver system 16. The distribution system14 may include a satellite, cable, terrestrial or Digital SubscribersLine (DSL) network, or any combination of such networks or othernetworks well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

The receiver system 16 is shown, in one exemplary embodiment, to includea set-top box (STB) 38 that receives data via the distribution system14, a communications I/O interface such as an exemplary modem 40 forreturn channel communications with the headend system 18 and optionallyother external systems, a user input device 43 (e.g., a keyboard, remotecontrol, mouse etc.) and a display device 42, coupled to the set-top box38, for the display of content received at the set-top box 38. In oneexemplary embodiment, the display device 42 may be a television set. Itwill be appreciated that the communications I/O interfaces may beselected dependent upon the nature of the network 28. For example, thenetwork 28 may include a cable return module, a DSL return module, orthe like.

The set-top box 38 may execute three layers of software, namely anoperating system 44, middleware 46 and one or more interactivetelevision applications 48. The middleware 46 operates to shield theinteractive television application 48 from the differences of variousoperating systems 44 and in hardware of different set-top boxes 38. Tothis end, the middleware 46 may provide driver Application ProgramInterfaces (APIs) and a library to translate instructions received froman interactive television application 48 into low-level commands thatmay be understood by set-top box hardware (e.g., modems, interfaceports, smart card readers, etc.).

FIG. 2A is a block diagram illustrating further details regarding anexample embodiment of architecture of a headend system 18 and a set-topbox 38. The components and associated computer implemented methodologiesand operations of the example architecture may be used in variousembodiments to perform any one or more of the method and operationsdiscussed herein and specifically with respect to FIGS. 3A to 3C.

FIG. 2A illustrates a broadcast server 20, which may support a varietyof data modules associated with a carousel 23 of an application serverof the application servers 22. As shown, a number of parallel pathsprovide input to a multiplexer 50, each of the parallel paths include anencoder 52 and a packetizer 54. Each encoder 52 may operate to receiveinput from one or more sources. For example, the encoder 52 a is shownto receive streamed code modules from the application servers 22, whichis in turn coupled to receive application data from one or moreapplication sources 34. The application sources 34 may be internal orexternal to a headend system 18. Similarly, an encoder 52 b is showncoupled to receive content data from one or more content sources 32,which may again be internal or external to the headend system 18.

It will be appreciated that each broadcast server 20 may include anynumber of parallel paths coupled to any number of sources (e.g.,application and/or content sources 34 and 32, respectively) that provideinput to the multiplexer 50. Furthermore, a headend system 18 may deployany number of broadcast servers 20.

In one embodiment at least of portion of the data loaded into thecarousel 23 is program guide data. For example, the program guide datamay be a 30 day guide composed of individual modules, one for each dayof data, or each day's programming may be divided into multiple modules.The modules may include various module data types, such as directorymodules, code modules, and data modules. The guide may cycle through allmodules associated with the 30 day guide at a particular frequency(e.g., two data modules per second), which may be derived from abandwidth allocated for the application source 34. For example, 4 Mbs(megabits per second) may be allocated for the application source 34 and16 Mbs allocated for the content source 32 for an output bandwidth of 20Mbs from the multiplexer 50. Thus, based on the size of each module(e.g., in bits) and the bandwidth (bit rate) the carousel frequency,according to one embodiment, may be determined on a per module basis.

In one embodiment, an index generator 51 may be used in conjunction withmodule configuration data and carousel data to create one or more indexmodules (e.g., see FIG. 2B). The one or more index modules may describea configuration and/or attributes associated with the carousel. Forexample, these may include one or more of the following: the length ofthe carousel (e.g., the total number of modules in the carousel), anindex (or order) of the modules, the carousel frequency (e.g.,modules/sec), module data types, module identifiers, the bandwidthallocation for the application source (e.g., carousel), etc.

The bandwidth allocation for the application source 34 (carouselfrequency) and the content source 32, according to one embodiment, maybe dynamically adjusted based on metrics communicated from, processed,and/or derived from components and data of the interactive televisionenvironment 10, such as receiver systems 15, 16, 17 and source system12. Additionally, some or all of the modules (e.g., the index module)may be updated based on changes to the carousel (e.g., frequency and thelength of the carousel). In another embodiment, the order of the packetsor the frequency of the packets may be adjusted. For example, the systemmay detect user's (STBs) are accessing guide data for day 8 (of a 30 daycarousel) more often than expected, which may result in a spike inon-line requests that exceeds a threshold value. The carousel may thenbe restructured to deliver the data in an order that includes a higheroccurrence (frequency) of day 8 (e.g., day 1, 2, 8, 3, 4, 8, 5, 6, 8).

Each of the encoders 52 operates to encode data utilizing any one ormore of a number of compression algorithms, such as, for example, theMotion Picture Expert Group (MPEG) comparison algorithms. Each of theencoders 52 may also operate to time stamp data that needs to beencoded. Time stamps may also be adjusted downstream by multiplexers.Certain data types may not be susceptible to encoding and thus, may passthrough, or by-pass, the encoder 52, and be provided to a packetizer 54in an unencoded state. In one embodiment, code and most data types maybypass the encoders 52.

The packetizers 54 are coupled to receive data and to format this datainto packets before eventual transmission via the distribution system 14(e.g., a broadcast channel). Each of the packetizers 54 may providepackets to the multiplexer 50, which may multiplex the packets into atransmission signal for distribution via the distribution system 14.

In one embodiment, the set-top box 38 of a receiver system (e.g.,receiver system 16) is coupled to a network input (e.g., modem 40),cable input, satellite dish or antenna so as to receive a data stream ortransmission signal transmitted from the headend system 18 via thedistribution system 14. The transmission signal is then fed to an input56 (e.g., a receiver, port, etc.). Where the input 56 includes areceiver, the input 56 may, for example, include a tuner (not shown)that operates to select a broadcast channel on which the transmittedsignal is broadcast. It will be appreciated that in a DSL environment notuner may be provided. The packetized transmission signal is then fedfrom the input 56 to a demultiplexer 58 that demultiplexes theapplication and content data that constitutes the transmission signal.Specifically, the demultiplexer 58 provides the content data to an audioand video decoder 60, and the application data to a computer system 64.The audio and video decoder 60 decodes the content data into, forexample, a television signal. For example, the audio and video decoder60 may decode the received content data into a suitable televisionsignal such as a National Television Systems Committee (NTSC), PhaseAlternation Line (PAL), or High Definition Television (HDTV) signal. Thetelevision signal is then provided from the audio and video decoder 60to the display device 42.

The computer system 64, which may include a processor and memory,reconstructs one or more interactive television applications from theapplication data that is provided to it by the demultiplexer 58. Asmentioned above, the application data may include both application codeand/or application information that is used by an interactive televisionapplication 48. The computer system 64, in addition to reconstructing aninteractive television application 48, executes the interactivetelevision application 48 to cause the set-top box 38 to perform one ormore operations. For example, the computer system 64 may output a signalto the display device 42. For example, this signal from the computersystem 64 may constitute an image or graphical user interface (GUI) tobe overlaid on an image produced as a result of the signal provided tothe display device 42 from the audio and video decoder 60. A user inputdevice 43 (e.g., a keyboard, remote control, mouse, microphone, cameraetc.) is also shown to be coupled to the input 56, so as to enable auser to provide input to the set-top box 38. Such input may, forexample, be alphanumeric, audio, video, or control (e.g., manipulationof objects presented in a user interface) input.

The computer system 64 is also shown to be coupled to the audio andvideo decoder 60 so as to enable the computer system 64 to control thevideo decoder 60. The computer system 64 may also receive an audioand/or video signal from the video decoder 60 and combine this signalwith generated signals so as to enable the computer system 64 to providea combined signal to the display device 42.

The computer system 64 is also shown to be coupled to an input/output(I/O) 66 (e.g., a transceiver, I/O ports, etc.) through which theset-top box 38 is able to provide output data and receive input data,via the network 28, to and from an external system, such as for example,the headend system 18. To this end, the I/O 66 is shown to be coupled tothe modem 40 of the receiver system 16.

While the receiver system 16 is shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B and 2A to includea set-top box 38 coupled to a display device 42, it will readily beappreciated that the components, including the software or processingmodules, of the receiver system 16 may be combined into a single device(e.g., a computer system) utilizing one (or) more processing modules orcould be distributed among a number of independent systems. For example,a separate receiver unit may provide input to a set-top box 38, which isthen coupled to a display device 42.

FIG. 2B is a diagrammatic representation of an exemplary data stream 68that may, according to one embodiment, be the output from one or moremultiplexers 50 deployed in one or more headend systems, such as headendsystem 18. In the example interactive television environment 10, theapplication and content data may be presented to a broadcast server 20as distinct modules. For example, the application data may constitutedirectory modules 70, code modules 72, data modules 74, and in someembodiments, index modules 77. The content information may be includedwithin content modules 76. In one embodiment, no distinction may be madebetween code and data modules and thus may be mixed.

In another embodiment, each of the modules 70-77 is uniquely identifiedas being a particular module type. A directory module 70 may have aunique identifier so as to enable it to be identified within a datastream 68 without further information. A directory module 70 may containinformation constituting a directory of one or more other modules suchas code modules 72 and data modules 74 that form a particularinteractive television application. Accordingly, a set-top box 38 mayutilize a directory module 70 to identify all code modules 72 and/ordata modules 74 that are required for assembling and executing aninteractive television application.

In one embodiment, the directory module 70 may be accessed and processedprior to the other modules, so as to enable the set-top box 38 tocorrectly identify and interpret other modules included within a datastream 68. In another embodiment, the directory module 70 is used toretrieve a list of modules as well as flags attached for each module,for example, to specify whether a module is auto-exec or auto-loadmodule. As mentioned above, a headend system 18 via the applicationserver 22 may implement the carousel 23 whereby the modules 70-76 aretransmitted in a cyclic, repetitive manner.

In one embodiment, the set-top box 38 may utilize the index module 77 toprovide information pertaining to parameters associated with receivingthe modules. For example, the index module may contain data associatedwith the carousel 23, the data may include one or more of the length ofthe carousel, an index (or order) of the modules (e.g., by date,numerical value, etc.), current module number and/or module identifier(e.g., date, name, etc.), the carousel frequency (e.g., modules/sec),the bandwidth allocation for the application source (e.g., carousel),etc. In one embodiment, the module identifier may be mapped to an indexnumber associated with the total number of modules (e.g., the length ofthe carousel). For example, the total number of modules may be 1000 andeach module has a unique index number ranging from 0 to 999. The indexnumber may be associated (e.g., by a table) to a module identifier. Forexample, the module identifier may be a stock symbol associated with theindex number 500 (of 999), which may correspond to a data moduleincluding information pertaining to the stock symbol (e.g., price,etc.). In another embodiment the module identifier may be a date or daynumber associated with program guide data pertaining to a twenty fourhour period. For example, a module identifier “15” may be theprogramming data associated with the 15^(th) day of 30 days of modulesin the carousel 23. In this example, the index number may be the moduleidentifier. However, it can be appreciated that a day of programming (orany other data) may be divided into two or more modules each of whichmay have a unique index number. In another embodiment, an index numbermay be associated with more than one module.

The set-top box may analyze and determine how the modules are related toeach other and/or how the modules are associated with their respectiveindex number(s). In one embodiment this includes analyzing the inherentstructure of the data. For example, if a 30 day program guide data iscomprised of 1000 modules and provided in chronological order theset-top box can infer that data for day 15 can be found in the 500^(th)module.

In one embodiment, a receiver system (e.g., receiver system 16) mayreceive a user request to access or display data (e.g., program guidedata or stock symbol data) associated with one or more modulesoriginating from the carousel 23. FIGS. 3A-3C are flow charts of exampleembodiments for receiving and processing such a request and decidingwhether or not to make a request for the modules associated with therequested data from the source system 12. Accordingly, components of thereceiver system 16, such as the components associated with the set-topbox 38 may be utilized to perform any or all of the methods andoperations as described below with respect to FIG. 3A to 3C.

FIG. 3A is a flowchart of a method 300 illustrating an exampleembodiment for determining whether a receiver is to generate a requestfor a specific module. In one embodiment, the receiver system (e.g., thereceiver system 16) determines at operation 302 if the length of thecarousel (e.g., total number of modules of the carousel) and thefrequency of the carousel are currently known by the receiver. If not,at operation 304, the receiver determines carousel data including butnot limited to the length of the carousel, repeated modules, and acarousel frequency. In one embodiment, the carousel data may bedetermined by observing a complete cycle of the carousel (modules) todetermine the length of the carousel, repeat modules, and to determinecarousel frequency. In other embodiments, the receiver system mayreceive a command from a source system (e.g., source system 12) toperform the operation 304 or the receiver system may perform operation304 at configurable intervals.

In one embodiment, the receiver may determine when the modules begin torepeat based on a marker, such as a module identifier or index numberassociated with each module. The frequency may be determined by a simplecalculation based on how many modules are received per measure of time.

Once the length of the carousel and carousel frequency are known, atoperation 306, the receiver then receives a request for data associatedwith one or more of the modules of the carousel. For example, thereceiver may receive as a request interactive input from a user via aremote control. At operation 307 if the data (e.g., modules) isavailable in a previous multicast (e.g., in response to anotherreceiver's request to the headend system) the receiver obtains the dataat operation 309 and accordingly processes the module at operation 318.If, at operation 307, the data is not available in a previous multicastthe receiver, at operation 308, processes the latest module received todetermine a wait time until the requested module(s) will be availablebased on the carousel data. For example, if the carousel length is 100,the current (or last) module received was module 50 (an ascendingorder), and the requested module is module 10, the receiver may thencalculate a delta time difference (hereinafter, “delta”) between thecurrent module and requested module of 60 modules (100−50+10). The deltadivided by the carousel frequency (e.g., modules/sec) will be anapproximate wait time until the receiver receives the requested moduleassociated with the requested data. In other embodiments the request ofoperation 306 may be received prior to determining the length andfrequency of the carousel at operation 304. Additionally, the system maycheck if the data is available in a multicast as discussed with respectto operation 307 after the operation to determine the wait time atoperations 308 and 310.

In another embodiment, the receiver may determine some or all of themodules repeat in the cycle and determine the delta accordingly.Assuming the same parameters as the above example except the requestedmodule repeats at 75 and at 10. In this case, the delta is 25 (75−50).

In yet another embodiment, wait time data may be derived based on theordered, sequenced or hierarchical nature of the data itself and amodule identifier (e.g., date, ticker symbol, etc.). For example, theguide data and associated packets are delivered in chronological orderby date. Consequently, a request for program guide data 10 days from thecurrent date may be interpreted as having a wait time corresponding to anumber of modules 10 days upstream from the current module. In anotherexample, module identifiers correspond to ticker symbols and arealphabetical. If the current identifier (module) is at AAA and a requestfor MMM is received, the wait time may be estimated as the number ofmodules corresponding to half way through the alphabet or approximatelyhalf a carousel. In either example, knowing the carousel frequency(module/sec) or total time to cycle through one carousel, a wait timemay be calculated and compared to a threshold value to determine whetheror not to make an online request, as discussed in further detail below.

It can be appreciated in various embodiments the request may be receivedduring or prior to operation 304 being performed for the first time orperformed again in an update. In these cases either an error may bereturned to the user (e.g., via display device 42) or the processing ofthe request may be delayed until operation 304 is complete or the STBmay be configured to choose one of the access paths by default (e.g.,when no information is available automatically request the data online).

Returning to the flowchart of method 300, at operation 310 the wait timeis compared to a threshold time. In various embodiments, the thresholdtime may be periodically provided and updated by the source system(e.g., headend system 18 of source system 12) or may be manuallyconfigurable at the receiver. If the wait time is below the thresholdthe receiver waits for the requested module to arrive at operation 312.If the wait time exceeds the threshold value, at operation 314, thereceiver generates a request to be communicated back to the sourcesystem, which requests the module(s) be communicated via an alternativesource and/or network other than the carousel. In various embodiments,the alternate source may be a backend server system (e.g., backendservers 24) in communication with an application server system (e.g.,application server 22) and the network may be a dedicated back channel(e.g., network 28—Internet, etc.) or the broadcast channel network(e.g., broadcast channel 14—satellite, cable, etc.). At operation 316,the receiver may store metrics including which modules are requested andcorresponding wait times. In one embodiment, the receiver periodicallyor upon request from the source system communicates the metrics to thesource system to be evaluated along with a multitude of metrics receivedfrom other receivers to evaluate performance and determine ifadjustments may improve performance of the overall system (e.g.,interactive television environment 10). For example, it may bedetermined that specific modules are requested more often and thecarousel may be modified to repeat these modules within the cycle, orthat the overall system may benefit by increasing the carousel frequency(e.g., allocate more bandwidth to the application source 34).

Additionally, along with being collected at the STB data may becollected independently or contemporaneously at the server side (e.g.,source system 12). For example, if a lot of requests for program guidedata for day 8 are received at the server, the server may makeadjustments (e.g., carousel frequency, etc.) without direct feedbackfrom the STBs.

Returning to the method 300, at operation 318 the receiver systemreceives and processes the requested module and provides the requesteddata as requested in operation 306. In one embodiment, the requesteddata (e.g., module(s)) is received in a multicast form the headendsystem 18, thus making the requested data available to other receiverscommunicatively coupled to the headend system 18.

The examples and alternate embodiments discussed above with reference toFIG. 3A also apply to the embodiments described below with respect toFIGS. 3B and 3C and thus in the interest of simplicity will not beduplicated below.

FIG. 3B is a flowchart of a method 320 illustrating an exampleembodiment for determining whether to generate a request for specificdata (e.g., module(s)). In one embodiment, the receiver system (e.g.,the receiver system 16) receives at operation 322 carousel data, whichincludes the length of the carousel (e.g., total number of modules ofthe carousel). In one embodiment, the receiver may request all or aportion of the carousel data or the source system may periodicallycommunicate all or a portion of the carousel data via a network, such asin a module (e.g., index module 77) via the network 28 or packet datavia the distribution system 14 (e.g., the Internet).

At operation 324 the receiver determines if the carousel frequency isknown. If not, at operation 326, the receiver determines the carouselfrequency. In one embodiment, the frequency may be determined by asimple calculation based on how many modules are counted per measure oftime (e.g., modules/second). In other embodiments, the receiver systemmay receive a command from a source system (e.g., source system 12) toperform the operation 326 or the receiver system may perform operation326 at configurable intervals. In one embodiment, the receiver may beable to determine when the modules begin to repeat based on a marker,such as a module identifier or index number associated with each module.

Once the carousel frequency has been determined (or if known), atoperation 328, the receiver then receives a request for data associatedwith one or more of the modules of the carousel. At operation 329 if thedata (e.g., modules) is available in a previous multicast the receiverobtains the data at operation 331 and accordingly processes the moduleat operation 340. If, at operation 329, the data is not available in aprevious multicast the receiver, at operation 330, processes the latestmodule received to determine a wait time until the requested module(s)will be available based on carousel data, which includes the length ofthe carousel, derived delta (see above), and the carousel frequency. Itis to be appreciated the request may be received during or prior tooperation 326 being performed for the first time or performed again inan update. In these cases either an error may be returned to the user(e.g., via display device 42) or the processing of the request may bedelayed until operation 326 is complete or the STB may be configured tochoose one of the access paths by default (e.g., when no information isavailable automatically request the data online). Additionally, thesystem may check if the data is available as discussed with respect tooperation 329 after the operations to determine the wait time atoperations 330 and 332.

At operation 332, the wait time is compared to a threshold time. Invarious embodiments, the threshold time may be periodically provided andupdated by the source system (e.g., headend system 18 of source system12) or may be manually configurable at the receiver. If the wait time isbelow the threshold the receiver waits for the requested module toarrive at operation 334. If the wait time exceeds the threshold valuethe receiver at operation 336 generates a request to be communicatedback to the source system. The request requests the module(s) becommunicated to the receiver via an alternative source and/or networkother than the carousel. In various embodiments, the alternate sourcemay be a backend server system (e.g., backend servers 24) incommunication with an application server system (e.g., applicationserver 22) and the network may be a dedicated back channel (e.g.,network 28—Internet, etc.) or the broadcast channel network (e.g.,distribution system 14—satellite, cable, etc.).

At operation 338, the receiver may store metrics including which modulesare requested and corresponding wait times. In one embodiment, thereceiver periodically or upon request from the source systemcommunicates the metrics to the source system to be evaluated along witha multitude of metrics received from other receivers to evaluateperformance and determine if adjusts may improve performance of theoverall system (e.g., interactive television environment 10). Forexample, it may be determined that specific modules are requested moreoften and the carousel may be modified to repeat these modules withinthe cycle or that the overall system may benefit by increasing thecarousel frequency (e.g., allocate more bandwidth to the applicationsource 34).

Returning to the method 320, at operation 340 the receiver systemreceives and processes the requested module and provides the requesteddata as requested in operation 328.

FIG. 3C is a flowchart of a method 350 illustrating an exampleembodiment for determining whether to generate a request for a specificmodule. In one embodiment, the receiver system (e.g., receiver system16) receives at operation 352 carousel data, which may include some orall but is not limited to, index data, the length of the carousel (e.g.,total number of modules of the carousel), carousel frequency, and moduleidentifiers. In one embodiment, the receiver may request all or aportion of the carousel data or the source system may periodicallycommunicate all or a portion of the carousel data via a network, such asin a module (e.g., index module 77) via the network 28 or packet datavia the broadcast channel 14 (e.g., the Internet).

At operation 354, the receiver then receives a request for dataassociated with one or more of the modules of the carousel. At operation355 if the data (e.g., modules) is available in a previous multicast(e.g., in response to another receiver's request to the headend system)the receiver obtains the data at operation 357 and accordingly processesthe module at operation 366. If, at operation 307, the data is notavailable in a previous multicast the receiver, at operation 356,processes the latest module received to determine a wait time until therequested module(s) will be available based on carousel data, whichincludes the length of the carousel, derived delta, and the carouselfrequency. It is to be appreciated the request may be received during orprior to receiving the latest carousel data at operation 352. In thiscase either an error may be returned to the user (e.g., via displaydevice 42) or the processing of the request may be delayed until thedata has been received. Additionally, the system may check if the datais available in a multicast as discussed with respect to operation 329after the operation to determine the wait time at operations 356 and358,

At operation 358, the wait time is compared to a threshold time. Invarious embodiments, the threshold time may be periodically provided andupdated by the source system (e.g., headend system 18 of source system12) or may be manually configurable at the receiver. If the wait time isbelow the threshold the receiver waits for the requested module toarrive at operation 360. If the wait time exceeds the threshold valuethe receiver at operation 362 generates a request to be communicatedback to the source system. The request requests the module(s) becommunicated to the receiver via an alternative source and/or networkother than the carousel. In various embodiments, the alternate sourcemay be a backend server system (e.g., backend servers 24) incommunication with an application server system (e.g., applicationserver 22) and the network may be a dedicated back channel (e.g.,network 28—Internet, etc.) or the broadcast channel network (e.g.,broadcast channel 14—satellite, cable, etc.).

At operation 364, the receiver may store metrics including which modulesare requested and corresponding wait times. In one embodiment, thereceiver periodically, or upon request from the source system,communicates the metrics to the source system to be evaluated along withmetrics, if any, received from other receivers to evaluate systemperformance. Based on this evaluation adjustments may be made to improveperformance of the overall system (e.g., interactive televisionenvironment 10). For example, it may be determined that specific modulesare requested more often and the carousel may be modified to repeatthese modules within the cycle or that the overall system may benefit byincreasing the carousel frequency (e.g., allocate more bandwidth to theapplication source 34).

Returning to the method 350, at operation 366 the receiver systemreceives and processes the requested module to provide the requesteddata requested in operation 354.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a machine, in the exemplary formof a computer system 400 within which a set of instructions for causingthe machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies andoperations discussed herein, may be executed.

The machine may operate as a standalone device or may be connected(e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, themachine may operate in the capacity of a server or a client machine in aserver-client network environment, or as a peer machine in apeer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. The machine may be aserver, personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), aPersonal Digital Assistant (PDA), a cellular telephone, a web appliance,a network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executinga set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions tobe taken by that machine. Further, while only a single machine isillustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include anycollection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (ormultiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of themethodologies discussed herein.

The exemplary computer system 400 includes a processor 402 (e.g., acentral processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), orboth), a main memory 404 and a static memory 406, which communicate witheach other via a bus 408. The computer system 400 may further include avideo display unit 410 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) or acathode ray tube (CRT)). The computer system 400 also includes analphanumeric input device 412 (e.g., a keyboard), a user interface (UI)navigation device 414 (e.g., a mouse), a disk drive unit 416, a signalgeneration device 418 (e.g., a speaker) and a network interface device420.

The disk drive unit 416 includes a machine-readable medium 422 on whichis stored one or more sets of instructions (e.g., software 424)embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions describedherein. In certain embodiments, code necessary to perform variousfunctions may be embedded software stored in Flash, while applicationcode and data may be loaded from the network into RAM. The software 424may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the mainmemory 404 and/or within the processor 402 during execution thereof bythe computer system 400, the main memory 404 and the processor 402 alsoconstituting machine-readable media (executed directly or indirectly bythe machine).

The software 424 may further be transmitted or received over a network426 via the network interface device 420.

While the machine-readable medium 422 is shown in an exemplaryembodiment to be a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium”should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., acentralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches andservers) that store the one or more sets of instructions. The term“machine-readable medium” shall also be taken to include any medium thatis capable of storing, encoding or carrying a set of instructions forexecution by the machine and that cause the machine to perform any oneor more of the methodologies of the present invention.

Thus, a method and system for pushing content in a two-way interactivetelevision environment have been described. Although the presentinvention has been described with reference to specific exemplaryembodiments, it will be evident that various modifications and changesmay be made to these embodiments without departing from the broaderscope of the invention. Accordingly, the specification and drawings areto be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: receiving a first requestfor data periodically contained in a data stream being received as arepeating set of modules by a device over a first network from a remotesource, the requested data including one or more of the repeating set ofmodules and appearing with a carousel frequency within the data stream;determining a number of modules in the repeating set of modules that arebetween a last module received and the one or more modules included inthe requested data; calculating a wait time until the requested datawill next be periodically contained in the data stream being receivedover the first network from the remote source, the wait time beingcalculated based on the carousel frequency and the number of modulesthat are between the last module received and the one or more modulesincluded in the requested data; and based on a determination that thewait time exceeds a threshold value, communicating a second request forthe data to the remote source and receiving the requested data from theremote source via a second network.
 2. The method of claim 1, whereinthe repeating set of modules is being periodically output from acarousel.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining acarousel length by counting a total number of modules in the repeatingset of modules through one carousel cycle; and determining the carouselfrequency based on a number of modules being received over a period oftime.
 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising: determining the oneor more modules included in the requested data based on analyzing atleast one item from a list of items including an order of data, ahierarchy of data, and a sequence of data.
 5. The method of claim 1,wherein prior to the receiving of the data via the second network, themethod further comprises receiving the requested data from the remotesource over at least one network from a list of networks including thefirst network and the second network.
 6. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: collecting metric data by determining how many times arequest for data is satisfied from the first network and determining howmany times a request for data is satisfied from the second network; andcommunicating the metric data to the remote source.
 7. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising checking a hierarchy of data availability ofthe requested data in a previously received multicast over the secondnetwork and retrieving the requested data if available.
 8. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising receiving an index module including carouseldata, the carousel data including at least one item from a list of itemsincluding a carousel length, the carousel frequency, module identifiers,module data types, and module order.
 9. The method of claim 8, furthercomprising receiving the index module as packet data received over thesecond network.
 10. A system, comprising: a receiver configured toreceive a first request for data periodically contained in a data streambeing received as a repeating set of modules by a device over a firstnetwork from a remote source, the requested data including one or moreof the repeating set of modules and appearing with a carousel frequencywithin the data stream; one or more hardware processors configured to:determine a number of modules in the repeating set of modules that arebetween a last module received and the one or more modules included inthe requested data; and calculate a wait time until the requested datawill next be periodically contained in the data stream being receivedvia the first network, the wait time being calculated based on thecarousel frequency and the number of modules that are between the lastmodule received and the one or more modules included in the requesteddata; and based on a determination that the wait time exceeds athreshold time value, the receiver further configured to communicate asecond request for the data to the remote source and to receive therequested data via a second network from the remote source.
 11. Thesystem of claim 10, wherein the repeating set of modules is beingperiodically output from a carousel.
 12. The system of claim 10, whereinthe one or more hardware processors are further configured to: determinethe one or more modules included in the requested data based onanalyzing at least one item from a list of items including an order ofdata, a hierarchy of data, and a sequence of data.
 13. The system ofclaim 10, further comprising: an input/output device configured tocommunicate the second request for the data pertaining to the firstrequest, the second request being made over the second network to theremote source when the wait time exceeds the threshold time value; andthe receiver being further configured to receive the requested data fromthe remote source over the first network.
 14. The system of claim 10,where the one or more hardware processors are further configured tocreate metric data based on how many times a request for data issatisfied from the data stream and how many times a request for data issatisfied from the second network.
 15. The system of claim 14, furthercomprising an input/output device configured to communicate the metricdata to the remote source.
 16. The system of claim 10, wherein: the oneor more hardware processors are further configured to check a hierarchyof data availability of the requested data in a previously receivedmulticast over the second network; and the system further comprises aninput/output device configured to retrieve the requested data ifavailable.
 17. The system of claim 10, wherein the one or more hardwareprocessors are further configured to process an index module comprisingcarousel data including at least one of the following items from a listof items including a carousel length, the carousel frequency, moduleidentifiers, module data types, and module order.
 18. A machine-readablestorage device embodying instructions which, when executed by one ormore machines, cause the machines to perform operations comprising:receiving a first request for data periodically contained in a datastream being received as a repeating set of modules by a device over afirst network from a remote source, the requested data including one ormore of the repeating set of modules and appearing with a carouselfrequency within the data stream; determining a number of modules in therepeating set of modules that are between a last module received and theone or more modules included in the requested data; calculating a waittime until the requested data will next be periodically contained in thedata stream being received over the first network from the remotesource, the wait time being calculated based on the carousel frequencyand the number of modules that are between the last module received andthe one or more modules included in the requested data; and based on adetermination that the wait time exceeds a threshold value,communicating a second request for the data to the remote source andreceiving the requested data from the remote source via a secondnetwork.
 19. A method, comprising: receiving a first request for dataperiodically contained in a data stream being received as a repeatingset of modules by a device over a first network from a remote source,the requested data including one or more of the repeating set of modulesand appearing with a carousel frequency within the data stream; andbased on a determination that a wait time until the requested data willnext be periodically contained in the data stream exceeds a thresholdvalue, communicating a second request for the data to the remote sourceand receiving the requested data from the remote source via a secondnetwork, the wait time being calculated based on the carousel frequencyand a number of modules in the repeating set of modules that are betweena last module received and the one or more modules included in therequested data.
 20. The method of claim 19, further comprisingdetermining the wait time based on analyzing the data stream, theanalyzing comprising determining the number of modules in the repeatingset of modules in the data stream that are between the last modulereceived and a requested module associated with the requested data, andcalculating the wait time based on the carousel frequency and the numberof modules that are between the last module received and the requestedmodule associated with the requested data.